The True Origins of Thanksgiving: A History Beyond the Myths

What Really Happened in 1621?

In 1621, a feast took place in Plymouth, Massachusetts, but it wasn’t the joyful, harmonious event often depicted. The Pilgrims, who had arrived in December 1620 unprepared for the harsh winter, struggled to survive, with many perishing. The survivors formed an alliance with the Wampanoag tribe, led by Chief Massasoit, who taught them how to grow corn, hunt, and gather food. After a successful harvest, the Pilgrims and Wampanoag shared a meal, but it was not a planned celebration of Thanksgiving. Instead, the Wampanoag joined the feast after hearing gunshots from the Pilgrims, mistakenly thinking they were under attack. This event was more of a diplomatic gathering than the cozy holiday we think of today, and it did not mark the beginning of a yearly tradition of Thanksgiving.

The Wider Context: Colonization and Its Impact

The arrival of the Pilgrims signaled the beginning of a devastating period for Native Americans. European settlers brought diseases that wiped out large portions of the Indigenous population, making it easier for colonizers to claim the land. The real consequences of colonization—massacres, land theft, and cultural destruction—are often ignored in the traditional Thanksgiving narrative. As a result, Thanksgiving is a reminder of the violence and displacement faced by Native communities throughout history.

Why the True Story Matters

Understanding the true origins of Thanksgiving helps us acknowledge the painful history of colonization and its lasting effects on Native communities. It’s an opportunity to reflect on this history, challenge misconceptions, and work toward a more inclusive and respectful celebration of Indigenous cultures. By recognizing the full context of Thanksgiving, we can approach the holiday with a deeper understanding of its historical significance and the importance of reconciliation.

The Role of Abraham Lincoln

While the Pilgrims' 1621 feast was important in shaping the mythology of Thanksgiving, it was President Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 proclamation that solidified the holiday in its modern form. Amidst the devastation of the Civil War, Lincoln called for a day of "Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens," establishing the final Thursday in November as a day of national gratitude and reflection.

A Complex Legacy

The true origins of Thanksgiving are layered with history and complexity. While the Pilgrim-Wampanoag feast of 1621 plays a central role in American folklore, the holiday's deeper history involves centuries of interaction, conflict, and survival between European settlers and Native American communities. Thanksgiving, as it is celebrated today, is a time to reflect not only on gratitude but also on the complicated legacy of this national holiday.